Therefore, the present study focuses on a HiTOP-based assessment of ASD symptoms in a clinical sample of high-functioning adults.Ī broad dimensional assessment of adults with ASD could shed light on the high prevalence of co-occurring personality disorder (PD) classifications in adults with ASD, ranging from 48% to 62% ( Hofvander et al., 2009 Lugnegård et al., 2012), most commonly paranoid (24%), schizoid (24%), schizotypal (14%), avoidant (23%), and obsessive-compulsive (32%) PD Vuijk et al., 2018). Additional research into the dimensional nature of symptoms and traits in context of the ASD phenotype could further elucidate the clinical application of HITOP in assessing and treating individuals with ASD. Yet, the results are not conclusive with regard to ASD symptoms specifically and symptoms are typically combined with other (neuro) developmental disorders, such as ADHD. To this end, recent studies have explored a neurodevelopmental spectrum as a fifth HiTOP spectrum (in addition to internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder, and somatiszation spectra) that encompasses ASD symptoms and ADHD symptoms ( Michelini et al., 2019 Stanton et al., 2021a Stanton et al., 2021b). While HiTOP is broad and encompassing of most psychopathology symptoms and traits, the specific structure of dimensional profiles of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has not been fully established in the context of this model. The clinical application of the model has been a topic in the literature ( DeYoung et al., 2021 Haeffel et al., 2021), and while the model is conceptual in nature, it has its roots in widely used psychopathology and symptom measures ( DeYoung et al., 2021), adding to the model’s clinical relevance and applicability. The HiTOP comprehensively organizes psychopathology on multiple hierarchical levels (i.e., symptom components and maladaptive traits, subfactors, spectra, and a superspectrum), relying on years of empirical research on the structural and clinical presentation of psychopathology ( Kotov et al., 2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP, Kotov et al., 2017) is a promising dimensional taxonomy of psychopathology and could ultimately be the foundation for an alternative to categorical conceptualizations of mental health disorders such as the DSM-5 ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and the ICD-11 ( World Health Organization, 2019).
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